pH

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. A value of seven is neutral; low numbers.

Physical Pipe Inspection

The crawling or walking through manually accessible pipe lines. The logs for physical pipe inspection record information of the kind detailed under TELEVISION INSPECTION. Manual inspection is only undertaken when field conditions permit this to be done safely. Precautions are necessary.

Piercing Tool

See Earth PiercingThe use of a tool that comprises a percussive hammer within a suitable, generally torpedo-shaped casing. The hammer may be pneumatic or hydraulic. The term is usually associated with nonsteered devices..

Piezometer

A specialized monitoring well that provides discrete screens and underground seals to produce a measurement of the groundwater pressure at specific intervals below ground. The groundwater pressure may be measured using open standpipes or vibrating wire transducers.

Pile, Bearing

A member driven or jetted into the ground and deriving its support from the underlying strata and/or by the friction of the ground on its surface.