Packer

See Compression Ring.

Parapet

Wall or rampart, breast high. Also, the wall on top of an abutment extending from the bridge seat to the underside of the bridge floor and designed to hold the backfill.

Pascal’s Law

Pressure exerted at any point upon a confined liquid is transmitted undiminished in all directions.

Pavement, Invert

Lower segment of a corrugated metal pipe provided with a smooth bituminous material that completely fills the corrugations, intended to give resistance to scour, erosion, and to improve flow.

PE

Polyethylene; a form of thermoplastic pipe.